What is the proper vinyl sheet pile driving method for different soil types?

“Pitch and drive” method is the most practical way of pile driving in loose soils especially when using short piles. Also called “set and drive”, this method installs piles one by one. However, with only one interlock in control, sheet piles have high tendencies of rotating from the axis and leaning forward or backward. Panel driving is recommended for the dense deposit of sands and compact cohesive soils such as heavy clay or in presence of obstructions. In this method, a number of piles are interlocked together before driving. The panel of piles is supported by guide frames and driven gradually in sequence, sometimes in a staggered manner. The method can achieve installations of longer piles in more difficult ground conditions with better results in sheet pile alignment and verticality. In cases of difficult ground conditions such as hard strata and the presence of obstructions, driving assistance is employed along with a proper selection of driving method and equipment. Jetting and drilling help by loosening or eliminating obstructions by creating pressure right under the tip of the sheet pile being driven. Long and slender PVC sheet piles require steel mandrels as supports when driven in such conditions. Mandrel, which shape is similar to sheet pile profiles, increases the rigidity of Plastic Sheet Pile and supports the weight of the driving equipment such as a vibro-hammer.

What is the proper machine to drive piles in different conditions?

Impact driving is suitable for all soil types but appears to create the highest degree of stress to sheet piles. It is more appropriate to cohesive soils and soft soils such as silts and peats, loose medium to coarse sand, and gravels free of rock inclusions. Drop hammers such as the hydraulic hammer are the common types of impact-driving machinery. Driving using vibratory hammers is ideal for non-cohesive or granular soils such as soft soils and round-grained sand or gravel. It has also shown satisfactory performance in sandy, silty, or softer clay soils. It is less effective in angular-grained materials and soils with a firm consistency. With the introduction of vibration, however, the sub-soil can be further compacted, increasing penetration resistance and ultimately-refusal. If this is the case, driving aids like jetting and drilling might be necessary.

What are the pvc sheet pile selection criteria for soil condition of different hardness?

General rule of the thumb: “the harder the soil, the stronger and stiffer sheet pile section should be used”. Driveability of a pile section is a consequence of its cross-sectional properties (thickness, depth, and width), designed shape, length, grade, and the applied load. Hardness of soil strata characterized by SPT or CPT values is used to predict soil resistance which is essential in the calculation of driving force to be applied. Knowing the range of force from the selected driving machine, corresponding sheet pile sections can be picked according to their yield strength and elastic modulus.

How should I choose a sheet pile section for soils with, say, SPT Value, N=30? Can I still consider using vinyl or shift to steel?

Every sheet pile material has a design purpose, strengths, and areas of improvement. The availability of different materials denotes the need for a special material for a specific application. Plastic or synthetic sheet piles for example are known for being light and corrosion-resistant; Steel sheet piles are recognized for their extraordinary strength and versatility; and so on.

Why make your Marine Bollards or Steel Structures Yellow?

Occupational Health and Safety Association (OSHA) designates Red and Yellow as Safety Color Codes. American National Standards Institute uses Red, Yellow Orange, Blue, Green, Black, and White. Obviously, they are all primary colors. And what are the common denominators? – Red and Yellow.

Red seems to be a logical color that conveys DANGER ALERT. Yellow denotes CAUTION.

Q: But why Yellow?

A: Yellow is the most visible color from a distance. They appear the brightest in the spectrum. The human eye processes yellow first. This explains why it is used for: cautionary signs; exposed, unguarded edges of platforms; pits and walls; handrails and guardrails; pillars, posts or columns that could be struck (like bollards); and many more. Peripheral vision is 2.5 times higher for yellow than for red. Yellow has a high light reflectance value and therefore it acts as a secondary light source.

marine bollards — 100 Ton T-Head Bollards

When light enters the eye and hits the cone cells, the cones get excited and send signals to the brain through the visual cortex. Different wavelengths of light excite different combinations of cones to varying levels, which generates our perception of color. You can see that the red cones are most sensitive to light, and the blue cones are least sensitive. The sensitivity of green and red cones overlaps for most of the visible spectrum.

So, would you be interested in yellow Mooring Bollards? How about yellow-painted Steel Structures? Whether in yellow or any color, ESC provide full fabrication services for structural components such as large built-up beams, bridge trusses, bridge beams, and other steel structural components used in building construction.

Bold or bright-colored marine bollards and steel elements provides extra degree of safety which is necessary for all businesses especially heavily-accessed areas. Black or other dark-hued colors for instance add sleek sophistication to public attractions and similar areas. Wide variety of choices are available from the bold color spectrum.

For further information please visit us at www.escglobalgroup.com

GLOBAL PILING SOLUTIONS PROVIDER

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Why make your Marine Bollards or Steel Structures Yellow?